The subject is a compulsory basic education that is taught in the first semester of the first year of the degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics.
The aim of the course is that students know and to acknowledge the anatomical and histological structure of different systems and devices normal human body at different stages of life (from the embryonic stage to old age) giving particularly relevant systems related to food processes, such as the digestive and endocrine system.

It also aims to integrate what students know and apply the knowledge to understand and interpret human physiology and pathology, especially those related to food processes.
To facilitate the achievement of the objectives of this theoretical and practical course, be used as a teaching resource electronic dossiers (using electronic notes), seminars and practical laboratories of anatomy (and osteoteca room dissection) and histology (lab. microscopy).

1) At the level of knowledge:
1.1. Know and understand the concepts of tissue, apparatus and body system.
1.2. Know and differentiate the basic histological structure of the different tissues of the human body.
1.3. Knowing the histological bases appliances and body systems, and in more detail the digestive and endocrine system.
1.4. Know and differentiate the basic anatomical structure of the different systems of the human body, especially the digestive and endocrine system.
1.5. Knowing the basics of the development of the human body, from the embryonic stage to adulthood, as well as their evolution into old age.
1.6. Know the terminology and basic scientific language related to Histology and Anatomy.

2) A level of capabilities and application:
2.1. Know and distinguish the different tissues of the human body in microscopic images.
2.2. Know and distinguish the different systems of the human body in macroscopic preparations and anatomical models, as well as images obtained with different techniques medical examination and radiography, tomography and resonance.
2.3. Know how to integrate and apply the acquired concepts about the normal structure of the body to understand and interpret human physiology and pathology.
2.4. Learning to use texts and atlases of Histology and Anatomy to selectively seek the necessary information.
2.5. Understand, interpret and critically discuss scientific articles based on histological and anatomical works.
2.6. Learning to perform work together to solve problems.
2.7. Knowing how to use the computer training necessary for technological environment; mainly the Virtual Campus, finding information online and manage user-level computer packages.
2.8. Find and select the information obtained using computer tools to analyze and process, while acquiring habits of self-education.

3) At the level of values ??and attitudes:
Understanding the need for basic morphological formation of the human body for professional future in the field of health sciences.

Specifics		Objectives
Structure conocer y función del cuerpo humano, from the molecular level to whole organisms, different in the disintegration of life.
Transversals	Activities		Evaluation
Knowledge of scientific English	Scientists form reading in English.		Evaluation of the Conocimientos adquiridos comentados and in seminars.

 

Human Anatomy [1]

1. Basics structure of the human body. Anatomical bases. Definition of tissues, organs, systems, devices. Anatomical position. Plans, axis movements.

 2. Embryology general. General aspects of embryonic and fetal development.

3. Anatomy of the locomotor system. Skeletal and muscular systems. Basics of the axial skeleton (head and trunk) and members. Basics of the muscles of the trunk, head and members. Basics of vascularization and innervation.

 4. Nervous system (1). Introduction. Brain. Brain areas. The brain stem. Cerebellum. White matter and gray matter, cortex and nucleus. Cranial nerves. Rhinencephalon. Vegetative system, sympathetic and parasympathetic

 5. nervous system (2). Meninges, ventricular cavities. Cerebral spinal fluid. Vascularization. Medul.la cord. Spinal nerves.

 6. Anatomy of the cardiovascular system. Heart and great vessels. Pericardium. Coronary vessels. Innervation and cardiac conduction system. Lymphatic system. Mediastinum.

7. Anatomy of the respiratory system. Nostrils. Larynx and phonation. Firecrackers. Bronchi and lungs. Pleura. Vascularization and innervation.

8. Digestive (1). Oral cavity. Temporomandibular joint and Ms. Chewing.
Teeth. Language. Salivary glands. Vascularization and innervation.

9. Digestive (2). Pharynx. Communications and relations with AD. Respiratory. Endocrine glands of the neck. Description and relationships. Esophagus, structure, and relations mediastinal route.

 10. Digestive (3). Compartimentització peritoneum and the abdominal cavity.
Supramesocòlic compartment. Setting limits and content. Stomach. Vascularization and innervation.
Pancreas-duodenum. Spleen. Morphology and relationships. Vascularization and innervation.

11. Digestive System (4). Liver. Morphology and relationships. Vascularization and innervation.
Biliary tract, intra- and extrahepatic. Relationships.


12. Digestive (5). Inframesocòlic compartment. Small intestine. Jejunum-ileum. Description, provision and relationships. Vascularization.
Large intestine. Blind, ascending colon, transverse and descending. Relationships, vascularity. Sigmoid colon. Straight. Morphology and relations with the pelvis. Vascularization.

13. Urinary System. Glands and kidneys. adrenals. Relations, location and vascularization.
Ureter, bladder and urethra. Relations and differences by sex. Vascularization.

14. Reproductor.Aparell male reproductive system. Testicle. Epididymis. Vas. Scrotum and spermatic cord. Penis and erectile bodies. Annexes glands and relationships. Vascularization.

 15. reproductive system. Female reproductive system. Ovaries and uterine tubes. Uterus. Vagina. Vulva. Annexes glands and relationships. Mammary glands. Vascularization.




Human histology

1. Introduction to the study of tissues, organs and body systems.
Concept of tissue. Constituent elements of tissue: cells, extracellular matrix, tissue fluid. Classification of tissues. The concept of device and system.

 2. The epithelial tissue and connective tissue. Concept, origin and distribution of the epithelial lining. General structure. Classification of epithelia. Epithelium and glandular epithelium lining. Concept and general organization of the connective tissue. Structure and composition of the extracellular matrix: fibers and connective tissue basic substance. Connective tissue cells. Variety of connective tissue. Histofiosiologia.

 3. Cartilage and bone tissue. Concept of cartilage. Chondrocytes and cartilage matrix. Nutrition cartilage. Types of cartilage. Involutius processes. Concept of bone tissue. The bones and their constituent elements. Macroscopic structure of the bones. Microscopic structure of the bones. Vascularization and innervation of the bone. Histophysiology.

 4. Muscle and nerve tissue. Concept and classification of muscle tissue. Histological Organization of skeletal muscle. Composition of the concept of sarcomeres and miofibretes. The cardiac muscle fiber and smooth muscle fiber. The nervous tissue: neuron, synapse and neuroglia. General morphology and structure of the neuron. Types of neurons. Concept of synapses. Classification of synapses. The endplate or neuromuscular synapse: structure and histophysiology. Neuroglía concept and classification. Definition of nerve fiber. Structure and classification of nerve fibers. The myelin sheath. Histophysiology.

 5. The integumentary system. General structure of the skin. The epidermis, the dermis and subcutaneous fat: structure and regional variations. The queratinòcit and the process of keratinization. Melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkel cells. The annexes of the skin hair, nails and glands of the skin. Vascularization and innervation of the skin.

6. Blood and hematopoiesis. Concept and composition of the blood. Blood cells: structure and function. The leukocyte formula in health. Platelets: structure and function. Concept of hematopoiesis. Organization histologic bone marrow. Formation of blood cells and platelets.

7. The circulatory system. Concept. Components tissue and basic organization of the vascular wall. Nutrition and innervation of the vascular wall. General structure and classification of capillaries, arteries and veins. General Organization of the heart. Vascularization and innervation of the heart. Histophysiology.

8. Respiratory. Concept respiratory system. The conductive portion and respiratory area. Nasopharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi extrapulmonary. Lungs: internal structure. Histological structure of the airways intrapulmonars. The alveoli: structure of the alveolar wall and alveolar cells. The pleura. Vascularization and innervation of the lungs. Histophysiology of the respiratory system.

9. Digestive (I): oral cavity, tongue, teeth and salivary glands. Concept digestive system. General structure of the digestive tract. Oral cavity: histological organization. The palate. Language: mucosa and lingual papillae. Buttons taste. Overview and types of teeth. Histological structure of teeth dentine, enamel, cement, pulp, periodontal membrane. The alveolar bone. The gum. Irrigation and innervation of the teeth. The salivary glands: concept and overall structure.

 10. Digestive System (II): pharynx, esophagus and stomach. Pharynx and esophagus: histological structure. Oesophageal glands. The stomach: histological structure and organization of its wall. The gastric glands: classification and cytology. Cell renewal and repair of the gastric epithelium. Vascularization and innervation.

11. Digestive (III): intestinal glands and the digestive tract. The small intestine: histological organization of its wall; specializations superficial mucosa; Pap epithelium; Histological regional differences. The large intestine: histological structure; Pap epithelium of the large intestine. Cell renewal and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. Microscopic architecture of the liver. Concept lobulació liver. The hepatocyte: cytology and function. Liver regeneration. Gallbladder and bile ducts. Concept and overall structure of the pancreas. Histological organization of the exocrine pancreas. Vascularization and innervation.

12. Endocrine system (I): The pituitary and thyroid and parathyroid glands. The concept of the endocrine system. General characteristics of the endocrine glands and diffuse neuroendocrine system. The pituitary: general structure; the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Histological structure of the thyroid gland. Cells that make up the gland. Histological structure of the parathyroid. Cells that constitute the parathyroid glands. Vascularization and innervation. Histophysiology.

13. Endocrine system (II): adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas, pineal gland and diffuse neuroendocrine system (SND). Structure of the adrenal gland: the cortex and medulla. Cytology cortical and medullary cells. The endocrine pancreas: structure and cytology of the islets of Langerhans islet cells. The pineal gland: histological organization. Vascularization and innervation. Concept of SND. Distribution of the cells of SND. Structure of neuroendocrine cells. Histophysiology.

14. Urinary tract. Concept of urinary tract. The kidney histological structure general. The nephron. The tubes collectors. The renal interstitial. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. General histological structure of the urinary excretory: calyces, the renal pelvis and ureter. The urinary bladder. The male urethra. The female urethra. Vascularization and innervation. Histophysiology.

15. reproductive system. The concept of reproductive system. General provision of the male reproductive system. The testicle: general structure. The seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue. The roads sperm. Accessory glands. General provision of the female reproductive system. Ovary: structure general. The ovarian follicles and interstitial tissue. Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina. Vascularization and innervation. Histophysiology.

 

Activity	Objective	Description
Lectures Histology	1.1,1.2, 1.3,1.6,3	Acquisition of knowledge about the structure of tissues and organs that integrate the different systems of the body.
Lectures Anatomy	1.1,1.4, 1.5,1.6,3	Acquisition of knowledge about the anatomy of different systems and devices on the organization and development of the human body
Seminars Histology	2.3,2.4, 2.5,2.6,2. 7,2.8,3	Delve into complex issues to facilitate understanding of the subject.  Interpretation of micro-histological samples.
Seminars Anatomy	2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6	Strengthen the anatomical knowledge of the human body, particularly those related to the digestive system. Learn how to recognize normal and altered anatomy of the human body in medical diagnostic studies
Practice Histology	2.1,2.4,3 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,	Acquisition of skills to learn to identify and interpret microscopic images and histological preparations.
Practice Anatomy	2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6	Strengthen the anatomical knowledge of the human body, particularly those related to the digestive system. Learn topographic organization of the different systems of the body, and to transfer this knowledge to recognize the different structures in medical images.
Works	1.1,1.2,1.3,1.6 2.3,2.4,2.5,2.6 2.7,2.8,3	Acquisition of skills to learn to understand, interpret and critically discuss scientific articles based on anatomical or histological studies. Mainly related to nutritional processes.
Tutories	1,2,3	To guide students in learning the subject. Questions about the overall  content of the course

 

Lectures
Classroom lectures aim to give an overview of the theoretical contents which are on the agenda. We give special importance to issues directly related to human nutrition.

Seminars
A) Anatomy Seminars: To strengthen the anatomical knowledge of the human body, particularly those related to the digestive system, there will be seminars on clinical problems will arise. It will show pupils the normal anatomy and pathological alteration.
B) Histology Seminars: To improve understanding of the matter, there will be different types of seminars in groups of 20 students:
Seminars in computer classroom: interactive programs used histology.
Deepening Seminars: will be activities to delve into topics more complex matter.
Seminars interpretation of micro-histological preparations.

Practices
Attendance at practices is mandatory. They will practice with groups of 20 students.
A) Practical Anatomy: To strengthen the anatomical knowledge of the human body, there will be practices in Osteoteca with anatomical models. Also in the dissection room of human organs from corpses
B) Practical Histology: carried out in the laboratory of microscopy. It is based on the observation with the optical microscope tissues and organs of the body.

Woks
The work is done individually or collectively (teamwork). Part of the work will be conducted on topics of interest in the subject. Others are based on the interpretation and discussion of scientific papers related to the subject. Some of the work will be presented orally with the attendance of all students

 

The theoretical and practical knowledge of this subject, including the contents of the seminars and skills will be assessed by various tests throughout the semester. To mark the end of the course, the 45% represents Anatomy and Histology 45%. The note is distributed as follows:

ANATOMY:

40% (of the final) exam (theory + seminars)

10% (of the final) Exam (Practical Seminars +) + Support Training and Seminars (2%)

Total: 50% (of the final)


HISTOLOGY:

35% (of the final) exam (theory + seminars)

15% (of the final) Exam (Practical Seminars +) + Works (1%) + Support Training and Seminars (1%)

Total: 50% (of the final)


To pass the course, you should have two blocks (Anatomy and Histology) with a minimum of four and the final (weighted average of Anatomy and Histology) is more than five.

If the weighted average of the two blocks (Anatomy and Histology) is less than 5, it will be necessary to test recovery.

Note If some of blocks is equal to or greater than 4, this note is saved for recovery.

EMBRIOLOGY TEXTS

 

SADLER T.W. LANGMAN . Embriología Médica, con orientación clínica. Ed. Panamericana.

LARSEN W. J. Embriología humana. Ed. Elsevier, 2003.

 

 

ANATOMY TEXTS

 

MOORE, DALLEY. Anatomía con orientación clínica. Ed. Panamericana,

MARIEB E.N. Anatomía y Fisiología. Ed. Pearson Education- Addison Wesley, 2008

SNELL R.S. Anatomía Clínica, 6ª Ed. McGraw-Hill - Interamericana de España S.A.

TORTORA-DERRICKSON. Principios de Anatomia y Fisiologia. Ed. médica Panamericana

 

 

HISTOLOGY TEXTS

 

GARTNER L.P., HIATT J.L. Histología Básica. Ed. Elsevier España, 2011.

GARTNER L.P., HIATT J.L. Histología. Texto y Atlas. Ed. McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2002.

JUNQUEIRA L.C., CARNEIRO J. Histología Básica. Ed. Masson, 2005.

KIERSZENBAUM A.L. Histología y Biología Celular. Ed. Elsevier Mosby, 2008.

STEVENS A., LOWE J. Histología Humana. Ed.  Harcourt Brace, 2006.

YOUNG B., HEATH J.W. Wheater’s Histología Funcional. Texto y Atlas. Ed. Harcourt, 2000.

 

 

ANATOMY AND RADIOLOGY ATLAS

 

SOBOTTA. Atlas de Anatomía. Ed. Panamericana.

NETTER. Atlas de Anatomía Humana. Ed. Masson.

FLECKENSTEIN; TRANUM-JESSEN. Bases Anatómicas del Diagnóstico por Imagen. 2ª Edición. Ediciones Harcourt-Elsevier.

 

 

 HISTOLOGY ATLAS D' HISTOLOGIA

 

BOYA J. Atlas de Histología y Organografía MIcroscópica. Ed. Panamericana, 2004.

GARTNER. Atlas color de Histología. Ed. Panamericana, 2003.

GENESER F. Atlas color de Histología. Ed. Panamericana, 1992.

ROSS M.H., REITH E.J. Atlas de Histología. Ed. Doyma, 1987.

 

 

LINKS OF INTEREST IN ANATOMY

 

• http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html

 

• http://www.lumen.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/x_sec

 

• http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/radiology/

 

• http://www.med.wayne.edu/diagRadiology/Anatomy_Modules/Page1.html

 

• http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/brain_atlas/

 

• http://www.medicalstudent.com

 

 

LINKS OF INTERES IN HISTOLOGY

 A     digital    atlas.     General    Histology.     University     of     Southern     California    School     of     Dentristy: http://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/ghisto/

Histology   Course   Web   Site.   College   of   Medicine.   University   of   Illinois   at   Urban-Champaign: http://www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/small/atlas/slides.htm

Histology. Southern Illinois University School of Medicine: http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/index.htm

Human Microscopy Anatomy. UC Davis Health System: http://medocs.ucdavis.edu/CHA/402/course.htm

JayDoc      HistoWeb.      Department     of      Anatomy      and      Cell      Biology.      University     of      Kansas: http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/index.htm

Mammalian     Histology-B408.     Department     of      Biological     Sciences.      University      of      Delaware: http://www.udel.edu/Biology/Wags/histopage/histopage.htm

Microanatomy Web Atlas. University of Texas Medical Branch: http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/

PERLjam 2.01. Histology Image Atlas. Departament of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Indiana University Medical Center: http://erl.pathology.iupui.edu/

Web de Histología Humana. Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Salamanca: http://www3.usal.es/~histologia/